The afternoon of September 30, 1969, began like any other in Marin County, California, with a green Volkswagen pulling out of a driveway carrying two cats in the back and a young woman at the wheel. Somewhere on the road to the veterinarian, one of the animals leapt into her lap, and the car drifted across the center line into the path of an oncoming school bus. The woman went through the windshield, and that was the end of her.
The same week, the harmony she had loved would turn into gold in record shops across America, and the man who loved her was somewhere out on the water or in a studio, not yet knowing that a telephone was about to ring. When it did, David Van Cortland Crosby would walk back out into the rest of his life a different and more dangerous animal.
What happened to him over the next two decades, the wreckage and the needles and the loaded pistol and the cell in Huntsville, has the look of a punishment, though no one has ever quite agreed on what the crime was. This is the story of the long strange reckoning of David Crosby, a man born into aristocracy who became one of the most influential voices in rock music, only to be destroyed by grief, addiction, and his own demons. He was born in Los Angeles on August 14, 1941, into a family that wore its history like good tailoring.
The Van Cortlands were old Dutch-American aristocracy, the kind of name that came with a manner and a parkway, and his mother, Alice Van Cortland Whitehead, carried that bloodline with a kind of weary gracefulness.
His father was Floyd Crosby, an Academy Award-winning cinematographer who had shot the documentary Taboo in the South Seas and would later light High Noon. Floyd was a man who pointed cameras at the world for a living and seemed, to his younger son, constitutionally incapable of pointing any warmth at the boy in front of him. There was an older brother, Ethan, a bassist and a gentle wanderer who taught David his first chords, and who would many years later take his own life.
The house was cultured and cold, full of classical records and silence, and David grew up plump, clever, a bit mouthy and unloved in a slightly gothic way that tends to produce either monks or monsters or occasionally rock stars.
He was thrown out of schools the way other boys lost retainers, drifting through Santa Barbara and a brief doomed run at junior college. Somewhere in the early 1960s, he discovered the two things that would organize the rest of his existence: folk music and marijuana. He was always honest about the order of operations.
I have always said that I picked up the guitar as a shortcut to sex, he wrote later in his memoir, and after my first joint, I was sure that if everyone smoked dope, there would be an end to war. I was right about the sex. I was wrong when it came to drugs.
He worked the coffeehouse circuit from Greenwich Village to the Troubadour, a soft-faced kid with a clear high tenor and an instinct for the strange interval, the chord nobody else in the room would have reached for.
By 1964, he had fallen in with a guitarist named Jim McGuinn, who had rechristened himself Roger, a wounded angel of a songwriter named Gene Clark, a bassist named Chris Hillman, and a drummer named Michael Clark, who was hired partly because he looked like Brian Jones. They called themselves the Byrds with a Y, and with a 12-string Rickenbacker chiming like a cathedral and a Bob Dylan song they had no business improving, they detonated. Mr.
Tambourine Man went to number one in the summer of 1965, and Turn, Turn, Turn followed it to the top by Christmas. They flew to England, met the Beatles, and invented something the press thereafter insisted on calling folk rock. Crosby, all of 23, promptly decided he was a genius and made certain that everyone within earshot knew it.
He was not wrong about the gift. His own songs for the Byrds, like the eerie jazz touch drift of Everybody’s Been Burned and the lush doomed single Lady Friend, sailed the band toward stranger and finer water. His high harmony and his churning rhythm guitar was a connective tissue that held the Byrds sound together, and he spent his tenure pushing them toward John Coltrane and Indian raga, while McGuinn mostly wanted another hit single.
But he was, by the unanimous testimony of everyone who survived being around him, a colossal pain in the ass. He lectured, he pronounced, and he told his bandmates to their faces that they were not good enough musicians to play with him. At the Monterey International Pop Festival in June 1967, he committed the two sins they would never forgive.
First, mid-set, he treated the crowd to an unscheduled lecture on the assassination of John F. Kennedy, announcing that the president had been shot from several directions at once by more than one gun, a public declaration of a conspiracy theory that made McGuinn want to crawl beneath the stage. Then, the following day, he sat in with the rival group Buffalo Springfield, grinning, filling the hole left by Neil Young like a man trying on a new family while his old one stood and watched.
The breaking point was a song titled Triad, which Crosby had written in rather frank celebration of a threesome. The Byrds recorded it and then lost their nerve, choosing instead a tidy but comparatively boring Goffin and King number called Going Back. Crosby, disgusted, refused to sing on the replacement.
In October 1967, McGuinn and Hillman drove up into the hills to Crosby’s house and fired him from the band he had helped invent. He handed Triad to Jefferson Airplane out of pure spite, and they made it sound more like a witches’ coven at Vespers performing sex magic. But the harsh truth was simple enough.
He was out of the band. Years later, in a documentary Echo in the Canyon, Crosby cut through decades of rationalization with a single perfect line. Ladies and gentlemen, he said, looking straight down the barrel of the camera, that is not why they threw me out of The Byrds.
They threw me out of The Byrds because I was an asshole. What he did next was fall in love and reinvent popular music more or less simultaneously.
Cut loose from The Byrds, he sailed south, and in a club in Coconut Grove, Florida, he heard a Canadian woman with cheekbones like modernist architecture singing songs that seemed to change the literal air in the room. Her name was Joni Mitchell. He became her champion, her lover, and the producer of her first album, Song to a Seagull, in 1968, and he had the rare good sense as a producer to mostly get out of her way.
He had also by now acquired the object that would be his refuge for the rest of his life, a graceful old wooden schooner called the Mayan, on which he could sail clean away from every band he was about to destroy. The harmony itself happened by accident in the careless way that history’s best things tend to.
In a Laurel Canyon living room in the summer of 1968, either Joni Mitchell’s or Cass Elliot’s, Crosby and Stephen Stills, lately of the imploded Buffalo Springfield, were running through a Stills song called You Don’t Have to Cry. A transplanted Englishman named Graham Nash, miserable inside the Hollies and hunting for an exit, asked them to play it again. Then he sang a third part over the top.
The three voices locked into something none of them had ever heard before, a blend so eerie and complete that they simply stopped, stared at one another, and started to laugh. They were a band before they needed a band. Crosby, Stills and Nash, released in May 1969, sounded the way California felt back then, which is to say golden, stoned, and harmonically impossible.
Crosby’s contributions were the weird ones and the wounded ones. Guinnevere was a hushed open tuned church of a love song. Long Time Gone was something far darker.
He had written it in the stunned hours after Robert Kennedy was gunned down in a Los Angeles hotel kitchen on June 5, 1968, and it carried all the paranoia and grief of a generation watching its leaders mysteriously fall one by one. Wooden Ships, which he wrote with Stills and the Airplane’s Paul Kantner aboard the Mayan, imagined the survivors of a nuclear apocalypse drifting off to sea while the silver people on the shoreline waved goodbye. The record went multi-platinum and won the trio the Grammy for best new artist.
For one season, it seemed to hand the exhausted idealism of the decade somewhere quiet to live.
They needed muscle to take it on the road, so they added Neil Young, the very man Crosby had effectively cuckolded on stage at Monterey, and became Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young. Their second concert ever took place in the small hours of August 18, 1969, in a field in upstate New York at a festival called Woodstock. Half a million people lay out in the dark, in the wings to Jimi Hendrix and a good portion of the rest of rock and roll, waiting to see whether these four difficult men could actually do the thing.
This is only the second time we have ever played in front of people, Stills told the crowd after the opening song, his voice audibly shaking. We are scared shitless. Then they opened their mouths and the fear turned into something close to a sacrament.
For one impossible season, they were the biggest band in America. Deja Vu, released in March 1970, went straight to number one and stayed there, four bruised egos and four enormous talents briefly pulling in the same direction. Crosby’s own Almost Cut My Hair became the snarling paranoid heart of it, a man refusing to trim his freak flag while the whole establishment leaned on him to conform.
When national guardsmen shot four students dead at Kent State University on May 4, 1970, Neil Young wrote Ohio in a single afternoon and the band cut it days later, a protest record so raw it played like an open wound. Crosby broke down weeping in the studio when the tape was done. For all the public triumph, his private life had been keeping its own more turbulent time.
Christine Hinton had drifted in and out of his orbit since the Byrds years, but somewhere in the loose unmoored months after the band threw him out, he had set her aside for Joni Mitchell, whose lover and champion he had so eagerly become. That affair burned hot and brief and finally impossible, two prodigious talents and two prodigious wills that were never going to fit under one roof. When it guttered out, he found his way back to Hinton.
By the late summer of 1969, she was living with him in Marin County. The friends who passed through all agreed on the same thing. She was the one steadying presence in a life that had already begun very quietly to tilt.
But we must now go back to that green Volkswagen and to September 30, 1969, barely six weeks after Woodstock.
Christine was 21 years old, luminous and free-spirited, and the last clean and undrugged part of David’s life. On that afternoon, she had borrowed his car to take their cats to the vet. When the cat jumped and the car crossed the line, it plowed into an oncoming school bus and she was killed at the scene.
Her passenger roommate Barbara Linger was unhurt, as were the driver of the bus and the seven school children aboard. Crosby went to identify the body. I watched a part of David die that day, Graham Nash said years afterward.
He wondered aloud what the universe was doing to him, and he went off the rails. He was never the same again. Crosby took the Mayan out and scattered her ashes into the Pacific, and then he went looking for a reliable way never to feel anything again.
The grief made one great record before it made a ruin. If I Could Only Remember My Name, released on February 22, 1971, was a fog bank of a solo album recorded at Wally Heider’s San Francisco studio with a floating congregation of the Grateful Dead, the Jefferson Airplane, Joni Mitchell, and his own bandmates. A loose orchestra someone nicknamed the Great Planet Earth Rock and Roll Orchestra, all of them seeming to search the dark for something that had been lost.
It closed with a wordless multi-tracked hymn called I’d Swear There Was Somebody Here, a minute and 19 seconds of pure haunting. It was a hallucination, Crosby said of it. Later, I was left with a persistent feeling it was about Christine Hinton, my girlfriend who was killed.
I was very much in love with her, and she went away very suddenly. I was not equipped to deal with the loss.
He was not equipped, and so he equipped himself instead with cocaine, and then with a brutal refinement of it called freebase, and eventually with heroin to soften the landing. Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young, the most lucrative and combustible enterprise in American music, spent the early 1970s splintering into solo albums, duos, lawsuits, and reunions, each one announced as a homecoming and abandoned as a brawl. The 1974 stadium tour, among the first of its kind and one of the largest rock had yet mounted, made everyone rich and solved nothing.
The money was preposterous, and Crosby spent it like a man trying to outrun something, which he was. He ran up a debt to the taxman that ran into the millions and propped himself up on a rotating cast of shadowy financial backers.
He fathered a daughter, Donovan, with a girlfriend named Debbie Donovan, and saw little of her. He grew the famous walrus mustache, and the longer he stayed high, the more the boyish prince of the California harmony curdled into something puffy, paranoid, and lost. By the late 1970s, the man who had sung about peace in a field of half a million people was a full-time freebase addict barricaded behind locked doors with a pipe and a propane torch, nodding off and very nearly burning hotel rooms down around himself.
A cautionary tale his own friends could no longer bear to be in the room with. On December 8, 1980, Mark David Chapman shot John Lennon outside the Dakota in New York, and David Crosby, already wired to expect a catastrophe, started carrying a . 45 caliber pistol everywhere he went.
It was in its way the perfect emblem of all his contradictions. The apostle of non-violence with a loaded semi-automatic tucked in his belt because the world had finally proven itself as dangerous as the cocaine had been whispering it was. The gun and the drug came together on April 13, 1982, at a now-defunct Dallas rock club called Cardi’s, a venue with a local reputation for stabbings where a desperate broke Crosby had agreed to play for cash.
Police raided his dressing room and found him, according to their report, freebasing in plain view with a propane torch in one hand and a brown glass bottle in the other, the loaded . 45 lying nearby. They charged him with possession of cocaine and of the handgun, and a Texas court, supremely unmoved by his legend, sentenced him to five years in the state penitentiary.
He could not believe it. They got me for a quarter of a gram of pipe residue, he protested to People, which ran the story under the merciless headline Cocaine Casualty. For that I am going to spend five years in the state penitentiary, a quarter of a gram.
But the sentence was the least of it. The addiction was the real warden. Out on bail through years of appeals, he kept getting arrested, kept running, kept smoldering.
He checked into a New Jersey rehabilitation hospital and walked out within days, in part because they would not let him keep a guitar. He was arrested again in New York. By late 1985, he was a fugitive, seriously weighing whether to flee the country before finally surrendering to the FBI in Florida like a man simply too exhausted to keep being chased.
I made every mistake possible, all of it, he said of those years. I went right down the tubes until I was a junkie. It does not get any worse, freebaser and junkie.
In 1986, he was hauled at last to Texas to serve his time, much of it inside the penitentiary at Huntsville. He loathed every minute of it, and yet he credited it with saving his life. Locked away from the pipe, the dealers and the enabling sycophants, his body slowly remembered how to be a body.
By the middle of the decade, the music press had taken to running what amounted to his obituary while he was still barely breathing. He came out the other side, against every betting line in the business, clean. What is remarkable about David Crosby is not that he nearly died of his own appetites, which a hundred lesser men also did, but that he then proceeded to live another 37 years.
The next miracle was named Jan Dance. He had met her in Florida, a vivacious, funny woman who worked in the music business and carried her own demons with addiction. After his release, he married her in May 1987 at a church on Sunset Boulevard, with Stephen Stills and Joe Walsh among the witnesses.
They got clean together, and they stayed married for 36 years, which for David Crosby counted as the single most stable thing he ever did. He never pretended she had merely been a comfort. If I had not had somebody to keep me going, somebody who cared about me, somebody I loved, he told The Guardian, I think I would have ended my life many times back then, either by accident or on purpose.
In a brighter register, he liked to say that he fell in love with her all over again, probably two or three times a day.
In 1988, he published a brutally candid autobiography, Long Time Gone, written with Carl Gottlieb, in which he flayed himself in public before anyone else could get the chance. The reckoning was not over. Around 1994, his doctors told him that years of intravenous drug use had left him with hepatitis C and a failing liver, and that he was dying.
He received a liver transplant that swelled into a small national scandal because his friend Phil Collins had helped pay for it, and because cynics assumed a rich rock star had jumped the organ queue. Crosby, who could be indiscreet about almost everything, was a perfect gentleman about this one thing. Phil Collins did help me enormously, was all he would say.
I am not going to get into the specifics about how. It is nobody else’s business but mine and Phil’s, but he did help me tremendously, and he is a dear friend.
The transplant arrived mixed with an unexpected grace. As he lay preparing for the possibility of death, Crosby learned that a son he had fathered and given up for adoption back in 1962, when he was young and entirely unknown, had been quietly searching for him. The boy had grown into a gifted jazz keyboardist named James Raymond.
They told me they knew I might not make it, Crosby remembered, but if I did, would I meet my son? As soon as I could stand up and walk, I did. Father and son did not collapse into easy sentiment.
They fell, instead, into music, forming a jazz rock trio called CPR, and writing together for the rest of Crosby’s life. He had, he admitted with a kind of bewildered honesty, scattered children across the decades. I have six children I know of, he once said, but I think there might be a seventh one, a girl, but I have no way to find out.
The most public of those children arrived by his own deliberate generosity. In 1995, he and Jan welcomed a son of their own, Django, named for the legendary gypsy guitarist Django Reinhardt. Around the same time, the singer Melissa Etheridge and her partner, the filmmaker Julie Cypher, wanted children and were casting about for a donor, having seriously considered and rejected the likes of Brad Pitt.
It was Jan, improbably, who suggested her own husband. She is the one that volunteered David, Cypher recalled. Crosby agreed.
The couples kept it quiet, and a daughter Bailey was born in 1997, a son Beckett the year after. When the news finally broke in 2000, it became a defining image of the era, the old hippie patriarch literally seeding a new kind of family. The story would acquire a terrible coda.
Beckett died in 2020 at the age of 21 of an addiction that ran in the bloodline David knew far too intimately. I did not get to raise that kid, Crosby said, gutted, but he was here many times. I loved him, and he loved me, and he was family to me.
What nobody on Earth predicted was the third act, the late and astonishing flowering. Beginning with Croz in 2014, his first solo album in more than 20 years, and continuing through Lighthouse, Sky Trails, Here If You Listen, and For Free, an old man in his 70s made some of the most adventurous and beautiful music of his entire career, often surrounded by collaborators young enough to be his grandchildren. His clear tenor somehow unscarred by everything he had once poured down his own throat.
Rolling Stone’s David Fricke hailed the run as one of the most surprising delights in all of popular music.
He became, even more improbably, a beloved internet oracle, dispensing wisdom and weed-pairing advice and gleeful insults to strangers on Twitter with a candor that delighted millions. He would answer a teenager’s question about a guitar chord or a heartbreak with the same delighted seriousness he turned on a fellow legend he was busy insulting. Even at 80, he could not stop working, juggling new records, a live album, and a dozen half-finished ideas he simply could not shake.
He launched a craft cannabis line called Mighty Croz. He sat for a raw, unsparing 2019 documentary, David Crosby: Remember My Name, in which he declined every opportunity to flatter himself, cataloging his cruelties and his casualties with the bleak humor of a man who had long since stopped expecting to be forgiven.
There was a price for all that candor, and he paid it in friendships. By the end, he was estranged from very nearly everyone he had ever harmonized with. He and Neil Young fell out badly in 2014, after Crosby publicly described Young’s new partner, the actress Daryl Hannah, as a purely poisonous predator, a remark that helped guarantee Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young would never again share a stage.
Crosby, Stills, and Nash dissolved acrimoniously in 2015, and Graham Nash, the man whose voice had once completed his own, stopped speaking to him. Even his son, James Raymond, was reportedly estranged at the end. In 2021, with touring income strangled by the pandemic and the streaming era paying songwriters in pennies, Crosby sold his entire songwriting catalog to a music rights company, a surrender he framed, characteristically, as nothing more sentimental than arithmetic.
He had been retired from touring for less than a year, when, on January 18, 2023, after three days rehearsing for a Los Angeles concert that would now never happen, he lay down for a nap at his home in Santa Ynez and did not wake up. He had contracted COVID-19 for the second time. He was 81.
His wife, Jan, and his son, Django, were with him. He had been alive and tweeting almost to the last hour. His final message, posted the very day he died, was a reply to a stranger who had insisted that certain kinds of people would be barred from heaven.
I heard the place is overrated, Crosby wrote. It was, as exits go, exactly his. Funny, faithless, and entirely unbothered.
What he left behind is almost impossible to overstate and very nearly impossible to summarize, which is fitting because he was a contradiction that never once resolved.
He liked to joke that inside Crosby, Stills, and Nash there was a natural division of labor, that Nash wrote the anthems, Stills wrote the rock and roll, and he, David Crosby, wrote the weird stuff. It remains a better summary of his genius than any critic ever managed. But the voice is the thing that outlives the man, and it always was.
When Crosby opened his mouth alongside Nash, or laid his own harmonies into one of those impossible cathedral chords, he produced a sound of such uncanny sweetness that it seemed to issue from a kinder and more innocent person than the one who actually walked the earth. That was the mystery of him in the end, and the one he never solved himself. How a man so plainly capable of harm could be the source of so much beauty.
And how the rest of us, knowing everything, would forgive him all of it the instant the harmonies came in.
He spent 81 years being right about the sex and wrong about the drugs, and singing the whole way down and the whole way back, like an angel who had read the fine print. With so many to choose from, I am expecting a real battle over which is the finest song David Crosby ever wrote. Make sure to leave me a comment and let me know your own favorite.
When I was a youngster back in the 1990s, I picked up Deja Vu on CD and was obsessed with Almost Cut My Hair right away. It is a more obvious choice, I suppose, but I love it, so there you go. I have been Johnny.
Thanks for listening to Rock and Roll Mysteries. Have a good one. See you next time.
Cheers.